Clifton M. Schor

Prof. Clifton M. Schor, O.D., Ph.D.
School of Optometry
360 Minor Hall
University of California at Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-2020
Phone: (510) 642-1130 Fax: (510) 643-5109
E-Mail: schor@socrates.berkeley.edu

Publications: 1995-Present | 1980-1994 | Prior to 1980 | Book Chapters

Publications: 1995-present (PDF available)

Schor,C.M. &McCandless, J.W. (1995) An adaptable association between horizontal and vertical vergence. Vision Res. 35 (23-24), 3519-3528
Liu, L. & Schor,C.M. (1995) Binocular combination of contrast signals from orthogonal orientation channels.Vision Res. 35(18), 2559-2568
Heron, G. & Schor,C.M. (1995) The fluctuations of accommodation and ageing. Ophthal.and Physiol. Optics 14, 445-449
Maxwell, J.S. &Schor, C.M. (1996) Adaptation of vertical eye alignment in relation to head tilt. Vision Res.36(8),1195-1205
McCandless, J.W.,Schor, C.M. & Maxwell, J. (1996) A cross coupling model of vertical vergence adaptation. IEEE Trans BioMed Engineering 43,24-34
Schor, C.M. (1996) Contribution of chromatic mechanisms to the production of small-field optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in normals and strabismics. Vision Res. 36(11), 1687-1698.
Schor C.M. & Task, L. (1996) Effects of overlay symbology in night vision goggles on accommodation and attention shift. Aviation, Space and Environm. Med. Vol. 67(11), 1039-1047.
Maxwell, J.S.M. & Schor, C.M. (1997) Head-position-dependent adaptation of non-concomitant vertical skew. Vision Res. 37(4),441-446.
McCandless, J.W. & Schor, C.M. (1997) A neural net model of the adaptation of binocular vertical eye alignment. Computation in Neural Systems 8(1), 55-70.
Liu, L., Stevenson, S.B. & Schor, C.M. (1997) Binocular Matching of dissimilar features in phantom stereopsis. Vision Res. 37(5), 633-644.
Schor, C.M., Wilson, N., Fusaro, R. & McKee, S. (1997) Prediction of early-onset esotropia from components of the infantile squint syndrome. Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science 38(3), 719-740
Schor, C.M. & McCandless, J.W. (1997) Context-specific adaptation of vertical vergence to correlates of eye position. Vision Res. 37(14), 1929-37.
McCandless, J.W. & Schor, C.M. (1997) An association matrix model of context-specific vertical vergence adaptation. Network: Computational Neural System 8,239-258
Stevenson, S.B. & Schor, C.M. (1997). Human stereo matching is not restricted to epipolar lines. Vision Res.37(19),2717-23
Marran, L.M. & Schor, C.M. (1997) Multi-accommodative stimuli in VR systems: Problems and Solutions. Human factors 39, 382-388
Liu, L. & Schor, C.M. (1998) Functional division of the retina and binocular correspondence.J. Opt. Soc Am. A. Opt Image Sci VisJuly 15(7), 1740-1755.
Liu, L., Stevenson, S.B., & Schor, C.M. (1998) Vergence eye movements elicited by stimuli without corresponding features. Perception 27(1), 7-20
Edwards, M., Pope, D. & Schor, C.M. (1998) Luminance contrast and spatial-frequency tuning of the transient-vergence system.Vision Res. 38(5), 705-717.
Schor, C.M. (1998) Adaptive processes of vergence and accommodation--development of refractive esotropia. Jpn. Rev. Clin. Opthalmol., 624-628
Brosnahan, D., Norcia, A.M., Schor, C.M. and Taylor, D. (1998) OKN, Perceptual and VEP direction biases in strabismus. Vision Res. 38(18), 2833-2840
Marran, L.M. & Schor, C.M. (1998) Lens induced aniso-accommodation. Vision Research, 38(22), 3601-3619
Schor, C.M., Edward, M. and Pope, D. (1998) Spatial-frequency and contrast tuning of the transient-stereopsis system. Vision Res. 38(20),3057-3068
Schor, C.M. (1999) The influence of interactions between accommodation and convergence on the lag of accommodation.Ophthal. and Physiol. Optics, 19(2), 134-150
Pope, D.R., Edward, M. & Schor, C.M. (1999) Orientation and luminance polarity tuning of the transient-vergence system. Vision Res. 39(3), 575-584
Edwards, M., Pope, D.R. and Schor, C.M. (1999) Orientation tuning of the transient-stereopsis system. Vision Res. 39(16), 2717-2727
Schor, C.M., Lott, L. and Graham, A. (1999) Saccades reduce latency and increase velocity of ocular accommodation. Vision Res.39(22), 3769-3795
Maxwell, J.S. and Schor, C.M. (1999) Adaptation of torsional eye alignment in relation to head roll. Vision Res. 39(25), 4192-4199
Pope, D.R., Edwards, M. and Schor, C.M. (1999) Extraction of depth from opposite-contrast stimuli; Transient system can, sustained system can’t. Vision Res. 39(24), 4010-4017
Marran, L. and Schor, C.M. (1999) The effect of target proximity on the aniso-accomodative response. Ophthal. and Physiol. Optics 19(5), 376-392
Edwards, M. and Schor, C.M. (1999) Depth aliasing by the transient-stereopsis system. Vision Res. 39(26), 4333-4340
VanEe, R. and Schor, C.M. (2000) Unconstrained stereoscopic matching of lines. Vision Res. 40(2), 151-162
Edwards, M. and Schor, C.M. (2001) First and second order processing in transient stereopsis. Vision Res. 40(19), 2645-2652
Hasebe, S., Graf, E. and Schor, C.M. (2001) Fatigue reduces tonic accommodation. Ophthal. and Physiol. Optics 21(2),151-160
Heron, G, Charman, N and Schor, CM (2001) Dynamics of the accommodation response to abrupt changes in target vergence as a function of age. Vision Res. 41, 507-519
Heron, G, Charman, N and Schor, CM (2001) Age changes in the interactions between the accommodation and vergence systems. Optometry and Vision Science, 78(10), 754-762
Sato, M., Edwards, M. and Schor, C.M. (2001) Envelope size tuning for transient disparity vergence. Vision Res. 41(13), 1695-1708
Schor, C.M., Edwards, M. and Sato, M. (2001) Envelope size tuning for stereo-depth perception of small and large disparities. Vision Res. 41(20), 2555-2567
Schor, C.M., Maxwell, J.S. and Graf, E. (2001) Plasticity of convergence-dependent variations of cyclovergence with vertical gaze.Vision Res. 41(25-26), 3353-3369
Zhang, Z., Edwards, M. and Schor, C.M. (2001) Spatial interactions minimize relative disparity differences between adjacent surfaces.Vision Res. 41(23), 2995-3007
Maxwell, J.S., Graf, E. and Schor, C.M. (2001) Adaptation of torsional eye alignment in relation to smooth pursuit and saccades. Vision Res. 41(27), 3735-3749
Graf, E., Maxwell, J.S. & Schor, C.M. (2002) Changes in cyclotorsion and vertical eye alignment during prolonged monocular occlusion.Vision Res. 42, 1185-1194
Graf, E., Maxwell, J.S. & Schor, C.M. (2003) Comparison of the time courses of concomitant and nonconcomitant vertical phoria adaptation. Vision Res. 43, 567-576
Berends, E., Zhang Z. & Schor C.M. (2003) Eye movements facilitate stereo-slant discrimination when horizontal disparity is noisy. Journal of Vision, Dec 05;3(11):780-794
Zhang, Z., Berends, E.& Schor, C.M. (2003) Thresholds for stereo-slant discrimination between spatially separated targets are influenced mainly by visual and memory factors but not oculomotor instability. Journal of Vision, Nov 24;3(11):710-24
Maxwell, J. & Schor, C.M. (2004) Symmetrical horizontal vergence contributes to asymmetrical pursuit of targets in depth. Vision Research, 44, 3015-3024
Zhang, Z., Cantor, C., Ghose, T. & Schor, C.M. (2004) Temporal aspects of spatial interactions affecting stereo-matching solutions. Vision Research, 44, 3183-3192
Schor, C.M. & Bharadwaj, S.R. (2004) A Pulse-Step Model of Accommodation Dynamics. The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 766-769
Berends E., Liu, B. & Schor, C.M. (2005) Stereo-slant adaptation is high-level and does not involve disparity coding. Journal of Vision, Feb 05; 5, 71-80
Bharadwaj, S.R.& Schor, C.M. (2005) Acceleration characteristics of human ocular accommodation. Vision Research 45, 17-28
Schor, C.M.& Bharadwaj, S.R.(2005) A pulse-step model of accommodation dynamics in the aging eye. Vision Research 45, 1237-1254
Schor, C.M. & Zhang, Z. (2005) Spatio-temporal interactions that promote the smoothness constraint for binocular matches. Proceedings of SPIE: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging X 5666, 71-82
Liu, B., Berends, E. & Schor, C.M. (2005) Adaptation to the induced effect stimulus normalizes surface slant perception and recalibrates eye position signals for azimuth Journal of Vision, 5(10):5 808-822.
168. Liu, B. & Schor, C.M. (2005) Effects of partial occlusion on perceived slant difference. Journal of Vision 5(11):4, 969-982
Bharadwaj, S.R. & Schor, C.M. (2006) Dynamic control of ocular disaccommodation: First and second-order dynamics. Vision Research 46,1019-1037
Schor, C.M. & Bharadwaj, S.R. (2006) Pulse-step models of control strategies for dynamic ocular accommodation and disaccommodation. Vision Research, 46, 242-258
Schreiber, K. M., Tweed, D. B., & Schor, C. M. (2006). The extended horopter: Quantifying retinal correspondence across changes of 3D eye position. Journal of Vision, 6(1):6, 64-74
Bharadwaj, S.R. & Schor, C.M. (2006) Initial destination of the disaccommodation step response. Vision Research, 46, 1959-1972
Schor, C. M., Bharadwaj, S. R., & Burns, C. (2006). Dynamic performance of Accommodating-Intraocular Lenses in a negative feedback control system: A simulation-based study. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 37 (7), 1020-1035
Maxwell, J.S. & Schor, C.M. (2006) The coordination of binocular eye movements: vertical and torsional alignment. Vision Research, 46, 3537-3548
Bharadwaj, S.R., Hoenig, M.P., Sivaramishnan, V.C., Karthikeyhan, B., Simonian, D., Mau, K., Rastani, S. & Schor, C.M. (2007) Variation of binocular-vertical fusion amplitude with convergence.Investigative Ophthalmology & Vision Science, 48(4), 1592-1600
Weiler, J.A., Maxwell, J.S. &Schor, C.M. (2007) Illusory contrast-induced shifts in binocular visual direction bias saccadic eye movements toward the perceived target position Journal of Vision, 7(5):3, 1-18
Schreiber, K.M.&Schor, C.M. (2007) A virtual ophthalmotrope illustrating oculomotor coordinate systems and retinal projection geometry Journal of Vision, 7(10):4, 1-14
Cantor, C. and Schor, C.M. (2007) Stimulus Dependence Of The Flash-Lag Effect. Vision Research,47, 2841-2854
Schreiber, K.M., Hillis, J.M., Filippini, H.R., Schor, C.M. & Banks, M.S. (2008) The surface of the empirical horopter. Journal of Vision, 8(3):7, 1-20
Nguyen, D., Vedamurthy, I. & Schor, C.M. (2008) Cross-coupling between accommodation and convergence is optimized for a broad range of directions and distances of gaze. Vision Research, 48, 893-903
Hernandez, T.D., Levitan, C.A., Banks, M.S. and Schor, C.M. (2008) How does saccade adaptation affect visual perception? Journal of Vision, 8(8):3, 1-16
Schor, C.M. and Bharadwaj, S.R. (2008) Adaptive calibration of dynamic accommodation � Implications for accommodating intraocular lenses Journal of Refractive Surgery, 24, 984-990
Zhang, Z., Cantor, C. and Schor, C.M. (2008) Effects of luminance and saccadic suppression on perisaccadic spatial distortions Journal of Vision, 8(14):22, 1-18
Bharadwaj, S.R., Vedamurthy, I. and Schor, C.M. (2009) Short-term adaptive modification of dynamic ocular accommodation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 50(7), 3520-3528
Schor, C.M. (2009) Neuromuscular plasticity and rehabilitation of the ocular near response Optometry and Vision Science, 86(7), 788-802
Schor, C.M. (2009) Charles F. Prentice Award Lecture 2008: Surgical correction of presbyopia with intraocular lenses designed to accommodate Optometry and Vision Science, 86(9), 1028-1041
Vedamurthy, I., Harrison, W.W., Liu, Y., Cox, I. and Schor, C.M. (2009) The Influence of First Near-Spectacle Reading Correction on Accommodation and Its Interaction with Convergence Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 50(9), 4215-4222
Zhang, Z., Cantor, C., and Schor, C.M. (2010) Perisaccadic Stereo Depth with Zero Retinal Disparity. Current Biology, 20(13) 1176-1181
Tahir, H.J., Tong, J.L., Geissler, S., Vedamurthy, I., Schor, C.M.(2010) Effects of accommodation training on accommodation and depth of focus in an eye implanted with a crystalens intraocular lens. Journal of Refractive Surgery, 50(7), 26(10), 772-779
Maxwell, J., Tong, J., and Schor, C.M. (2010) The first and second order dynamics of accommodative convergence and disparity convergence Vision Research, 50(17), 1728-1739
Maxwell, J., Tong, J., and Schor, C.M. (2012) Short-Term Adaptation of Accommodation, Accommodative Vergence and Disparity Vergence Facility Vision Research, 62, 93-101
Vedamurthy, I., Lin M., Tong J., Yeh TN., Graham AD., Green H., Wang SL., Sabharwal A., Schor CM. (2012) Does Ethnicity Influence Short-Term Adaptation to First Reading Correction? Optometry and Vision Science, 89, 435-445
Polat U., Schor C, Tong J., Zomet A., Lev M., Yehezkel O., Seterkin A., Levi DM. (2012) Training the brain to overcome the effect of aging on the human eye. Nature, Scientific Reports 2, Article 278, doi:10.1038/srep00278 Feb 23
Tong J, Zhang Z, Cantor C, Schor CM (2012) The effect of perceptual grouping on perisaccadic spatial distortions. Journal of Vision, 12(10):10, 1-16.

Publications: 1980-1994

Schor,C.M. & Levi, D. (1980) Disturbances of small field horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus in amblyopia. Invest. Ophthal. 19(6), 668-683.
Schor, C.M. & Levi, D. (1980) Direction selectivity of motion perception in strabismic and anisometropia amblyopia. Invest. Ophthal. 19(9),1094-1104.
Schor, C.M. (1980) Introduction to the Symposium on Basic and Clinical Aspects of Vergence Eye Movements. Am. J. Optom. 57(9), 535-537
Schor, C.M. (1980) Fixation disparity: steady-state error of disparity induced vergence. Am. J. Optom. 57(9), 618-631.
Schor, C.M. (1980) Editor of Open Discussion of Basic and Clinical Aspects of Vergence Movements. Am. J. Optom. 57(9), 681-696
Schor, C.M. (1981) Direction anisotropies of pursuit tracking and optokinetic nystagmus in abnormal binocular vision. OMS-80, Cal Tech symposium
Schor, C.M. (1981) Vergence Eye Movements: Basic Aspects. In Functional Basis of Ocular Motility Disorders. Ed. G. Lennerstrand, Pergamon Press
Schor, C.M. & C.W. Tyler (1981) Spatio-temporal properties of Panum's fusional area. Invest. Ophthal., ARVP Abstracts, p. 224
Green, M., Corwin, T., & Schor, C.M. (1981) Spatiotemporal variations in the square/sine ratio: evidence of independent channels at low spatial frequencies. Vision Research 21, 423-425.
Schor, C.M. & Kees, M. (1981) Graphical and normative analysis of binocular vision by mini computer: a teaching aid and clinical tool. J. Optom. 6(4), 12-16.
Schor, C.M. & Tyler, C.W. (1981) Spatio-temporal properties of Panum's fusional area. Vision Research 21, 683-692
Schor, C.M. & Narayan, V. (1981) The influence of field size upon the spatial frequency response of optokinetic nystagmus. Vision Research 21, 985-994
Schor, C.M. (1981) Development of OKN in human infants. Am. J. Optom. and Physiol. Optics 58, 80.
Poynter, H.L., Schor, C.M., Haynes, H.L., & Hirsch, J. (1982) Oculomotor functions in reading disability. Am. J. Physio. Optics and Optometry 59(2),116-127.
Schor, C.M., Gibson, J., Hsu, M., & Mah, M. (1981) The use of rotating gratings for the treatment of amblyopia: A clinical trial. Am. J. Optom. 58(11), 930-938.
Schor, C.M. & Narayan, V. (1982) Graphical analysis of prism adaptation, convergence accommodation and accommodative convergence. Am. J. Optom. and Physiol. Optics 59(10), 774-784.
Schor, C.M. (1983) The analysis of tonic and accommodative vergence disorders of binocular vision. Am. J. Optom. and Physiol. Optics 60(1), 1-14.
Schor, C.M., Bridgeman, B., & Tyler, C.W. (1983) Spatial Organization of Stereopsis in Strabismus. In Festschrift to Ivo Kohler. Sensory Experience, Adaptation, and Perception Ed. L. Spillman & B. Wooten, Freiburg, Germany, pp. 623-633.
Schor, C.M. (1983) Subcortical binocular suppression affects the development of latent and optokinetic nystagmus. Am. J. Optom. and Physiol. Optics 60, 481-502.
Schor, C.M. & Wick, B. (1983) Rotating grating treatment of amblopia with and without eccentric fixation. J. Am. Optom. Assn. 54, 545-549.
Schor, C.M., Narayan, V. & Westall, C. (1983) Postnatal development of optokinetic afternystagmus in human infants. Vision Res. 23, 1643-1648.
Schor, C.M. & Wood, I. (1983) Disparity range for local stereopsis as a function of luminance spatial frequency. Vision Res. 23, 1649-1654.
Schor, C.M., Johnson, C. & Post, R. (1984) Adaptation of tonic accommodation, Ophthalmic and Physiol Optics 4(2), 133-137
Schor, C.M., Wood, I. & Ogawa, J. (1984) Binocular sensory fusion is limited by spatial resolution. Vision Res. 24(7), 661-665
Schor, C.M., Wood, I. & Ogawa, J. (1984) Spatial tuning of local stereopsis. Vision Res. 24(6), 573-578.
Schor, C.M. & Westall, C. (1984) Visual and vestibular sources of fixation instability in strabismus amblyopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. 25, 729-738.
Schor, C.M., Lakshninarayan, V., & Narayan, V. (1984) Optokinetic and vection responses to apparent motion in man. Vision Res. 24(10), 1181-1186.
Levi, D.M. & Schor, C.M. (1984) Spatial and velocity tuning of processes underlying induced motion. Vision Res. 24(10), 1187-1196.
Wick, B. & Schor, C.M. (1984) A comparison of the snellen chart and the S chart for visual aucity assessment in amblyopia. J. Am. Opt. Assn. 55(5), 359-361.
Schor, C.M. (1985) Models of mutual interactions between accommodation and convergence. Am. J. Physiol. Optics and Optom. 62(6), 369-374.
Badcock, D.R. & Schor, C.M. (1985) The depth increment detection function for individual spatial channels. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 2(7), 1211-1215.
Schor, C.M. & Badcock, D.R. (1985) A comparison of stereo and vernier acuity within spatial channels at and away from fixation. Vision Res. 25, 1113-1120.
Schor, C.M. (1985) Development of stereopsis depends upon contrast sensitivity and spatial tuning. J. Am. Optom. Assn. 56, 628-635
Westall, C.A. & Schor, C.M. (1985) Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in amblyopia. Invest. Ophthal. & Vis. Sci. 26,1724-1730.
Westall, C.A. & Schor, C.M. (1985) Asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus in amblyopia: the effect of selected retinal stimulation. Vision Res. 25, 1431-1438.
Schor, C.M. & Westall, C.W. (1985) The effect of hemiretinal stimulation on optokinetic asymmetries in human amblyopia. Proc. Physiol. Soc. & Soc. Ital. Di Fisiol., (7), 54P.
Kotulak, J. & Schor, C.M. (1986) The dissociability of accommodation from vergence in the dark. Invest. Ophthal. & Vis. Sci. 27, 544-551.
Kotulak, J. & Schor, C.M. (1986) Temporal variations in accommodation during steady-state conditions. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 3, 223-227
Schor, C.M. & Kotulak, J. (1986) Adaptaton of tonic accommodation reduces accommodative lag and is masked in darkness. Invest. Ophthal. 27, 820-827.
Schor, C.M. (1986) Adaptation of accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation: Fry Lecture. Am. J. Optom. and Physiol. Optics 63, 587-609.
Schor, C.M., Wesson, M., & Robertson, K. (1986) The combined effects of spatial frequency and retinal eccentricity upon fixation disparity. Am. J. Optom. and Physiol. Optics 63, 619-626.
Schor, C.M., Robertson, K., & Wesson, M. (1986) Disparity vergence dynamics and fixation disparity. Am. J. Optom. and Physiol. Optics 63, 611-618.
Schor, C.M. & Kotulak, J. (1986) Dynamic interactions between accommodation and convergence are velocity sensitive. Vision Res. 26, 927-942.
Schor, C.M. & Westall, C.A. (1986) Rapid adaptation of the Vestibulo-ocular reflex and induced self motion perception. Perception and Psychophysics 40, 1-8.
Kotulak, J. & Schor, C.M. (1986) A computational model of the error detector of human visual accommodation. Biol. Cybernetics 54, 189-194.
Schor, C.M. (1986) Effects of accommodative and convergence stimuli upon the resting focus of accommodation. Myopia symposium. Am. J. Optom. & Physiol. Optics, In press.
Kotulak, J. & Schor, C.M. (1986) The accommodative response to sub-threshold blur and to perceptual fading during the Troxler phenomenon, Perception 15, 7-15.
Schor, C.M. & Howarth, P. (1986) Supra-threshold stereo-depth matches as a function of contrast and spatial frequency. Perception 15, 249-258.
Kotulak, J. & Schor, C.M. (1987) The effects of optical vergence contrast and luminance on the accommodative response to spatially bandpass filtered targets. Vision Res. 27, 1797-1806
Schor, C.M. & Tsuetaki, T. (1987) Fatigue of accommodation and vergence modifies their mutual interactions. Investigative Ophthalmol. & Vis. Sci., 28, 1250-1259.
Tsuetaki, T. & Schor, C.M. (1987) Clinical method for measuring adaptation of tonic accommodation and vergence accommodation. Am. J. Optom. & Physiol. Optics 64, 437-449
Schor, C.M. (1987) Spatial factors limiting stereopsis and fusion. Optics News, 14-17
Schor, C.M., Landsman, L. & Erickson, P. (1987) Ocular dominance and the interocular suppression of blur in monovision. Am. J. Optom. and Physiol. Optics 64, 723-736.
Schor, C.M. (1988) The influence of accommodative and vergence adaptation binocular motor disorders. Am. J. Physiol. Optics and Optom. 65(6), 464-475.
Schor, C.M. (1988) Imbalanced adaptation of accommodation and vergence produces opposite extremes of the AC/A and CA/C ratios. Am. J. Optom. & Physiol. Optics 65(5), 341-348
Schor, C.M. (1988) Phasic-tonic organization of accommodation and vergence. In Strabismus and Amblyopia: Experimental Basis for Advances in Clinical Management. Lennerstrand, von Noorden, Campos (Eds.), Wenner-Gren symposium series, Vol 49, pp 111-121, Macmillan Press, LDT.
Schor, C.M. & McLin, L. (1988) The effects of luminance on accommodative and convergence aftereffects. Clinical Vision Sciences 3,143-154
McLin, L., Schor, C.M. & Kruger, P. (1988) Changing size (looming) as a stimulus to accommodation and vergence. Vision Res. 28, 883-898
McLin, L. & Schor, C.M. (1988) Voluntary effort as a stimulus to accommodation and vergence. Investigative Ophthalmol. & Vis. Sci. 29,1739-1746
Bradley, A. & Schor, C.M. (1988) The role of eye movements and masking in monocular rivalry. Vision Res. 28,1129-1138.
Schor, C.M. & Erickson, P. (1988) Patterns of binocular suppression and accommodation in monovision. Am. J. Optom. & Physiol. Optics. 65, 853-861
Schor, C.M., Heckmann, T. & Tyler, C.W. (1989) Binocular fusion limits are independent of target contrast, luminance gradient and component phase. Vision Res. 29,821-835
Schor, C.M. & Heckmann, T. (1989) Interocular differences in contrast and spatial frequency: Effects on stereopsis and fusion. Vision Res. 29,837-847.
Heckmann, T. & Schor, C.M. (1989) Is edge information for stereoacuity spatially channeled? Vision Res. 29,593-607.
Heckmann, T. & Schor, C.M. (1989) Panum's fusional area estimated with a criterion-free technique. Perception and Psychophysics 45,297-306
Schor, C.M. (1989) Spatial constraints of stereopsis in video displays. In "Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments Conference". Eds., Ellis S. Lawrence, Erlbaum Assoc. and NASA CP volume 10032, 2.1-2.14.
Schor, C. & Horner, D. (1989) Adaptive disorders of accommodation and vergence in binocular dysfunction. Ophthalmic and Physiol Opt. 9, 264-268
Griffin, J.R., McLin, L.D. & Schor, C.M. (1989) Photographic method for Bruckner and Hirschberg testing. Optometry and Vis. Sci. 66(7),474-479
Schor, C.M., Carson, M., Peterson, G., Suzuki, J., & Erickson, P. (1989) Effets of Interocular Blur Suppression Ability on Monovision Task Performance. J. Am. Opt. Assn. 60(3), 188-192
Stevenson, S., Cormack, L. & Schor, C. (1989) Hyperacuity, superresolution, and gap resolution in human stereopsis. Vision Res. 29, 1597-1605.
Regan, D., Frisby, J, Poggio, G.F., Schor, C.M. & Tyler, C.W. (1990) The perception of stereo-depth and stereo-motion cortical mechanisms. Chapter 11 in Visual Perception: The neurophyiological Foundations. Spillman, L & Werner, J. (Eds.), Academic Press, pp.317-347
Erickson, P. & Schor, C.M. (1990) Visual function with presbyopic contact lens correction. Optometry and Vis. Sci. 67, 22-28
Switkes, E., Bradley, A., & Schor, C.M. (1990) Readily Visibly Changes in Color Contrast are Insufficient to Stimulate Accommodation. Vision Res. 30(9)1367-1376.
Schor, C.M., Gleason, J., & Horner D. (1990) Selective Nonconjugate Binocular Adaptation of Vertical Saccades and Pursuits. Vision Res. 30(11),1827-1845.
Berard, P.V., Gobin, M., Jampolsky, A., Molteno, A.C.B., von Noorden, G.K., Schor, C.M., & Spirtus, M. (1991) Symposium on the Management of Fully Accommodative Esotropia. In Strabismus and Ocular Motility Disorders, Campos, E.C. (Ed.), The Macmillan Press, pp.269-307
Stevenson, S.B., Cormack, L., & Schor, C.M. (1991) Depth Attraction and Repulsion in Random Dot Stereograms. Vision Res. 31(5), 805-813
Schor, C.M. (1991) Adaptive Regulation of Accommodative Vergence Interactions. In Presbyopia Research, Obrecht & Stark (Eds.), Plenum Press. pp. 153-170
Schor, C.M. & Erickson, P. (1991) Ocular Dominance Accommodation, and the Interocular Suppression of Blur in Monovision. In Presbyopia Research, Obrecht & Stark (Eds.), Plenum Press. pp. 273-288
Cormack, L.K., Stevenson, S.B., & Schor, C.M. (1991) Interocular Correlation, Luminance Contrast and Cyclopean Processing. Vision Res. 31, 2195-2208.
Schor, C.M. (1992) A Dynamic Model of Cross-Coupling Between Accommodation and Convergence: Simultation of Step and Frequency Responses. Optom. and Vis. Sci. 69, 258-269.
Stevenson, S.B., Cormack, L.K., Schor, C.M. & Tyler, C.W. (1992) Disparity tuning in mechanisms of human stereopsis. Vision Res. 32, 1685-1694.
Liu, L., Tyler, C.W., & Schor, C.M. (1992) Failure of rivalry at low contrast: Evidence of a suprathreshold binocular summation process. Vision Res. 32, 1471-1479.
Schor, C.M., Alexander, J., Cormack, L., & Stevenson, S. (1992) A Negative Feedback Control Model of Proximal Convergence and Accommodation. Ophth. and Physiol. Optics. 12, 307-318
Tyler C.W., Schor C.M. & Coletta N.J. (1992) Spatio- temporal limitations on vernier and stereoscopic alignment acuity
Proc SPEI Vol 1669, 112-121. Stereoscopic displays and applications III, Merritt, J.O. & Fisher, S.S. (Eds.)
Schor, C.M., Gleason, G., & Lunn, R. (1993) Interactions between short-term vertical phoria adaptation and nonconjugate adaptation of vertical pursuits. Vision Res.33(1), 55-63.
Gleason, G., Schor, C.M., Lunn, R. & Maxwell, J. (1993) Directionally selective short-term non-conjugate adaptation of vertical pursuits. Vision Res. 33(1), 65-71.
Schor, C.M., Gleason, G., Maxwell, J., & Lunn, R. (1993) Spatial aspects of vertical phoria adaptation. Vision Res. 33(1), 73-84
Cormack, L.K.C., Stevenson, S.B., & Schor, C.M. (1993) Disparity-tuned channels of the human visual system. Visual Neuroscience 10, 585-596
Maxwell, J. & Schor, C.M. (1994) Mechanisms of vertcial phoria adaptation revealed by time-course and two-dimensional spatiotopic maps. Vision Res. 34(2), 241-251.
Liu, L., Stevenson, S.B. & Schor, C.M. (1994) A polar coordinate system for describing binocular disparity. Vision Res. 34(9), 1205-1222
Liu, L., Stevenson, S.B. & Schor, C.M. (1994) Quantitative stereopscopic depth without binocular correspondence. Nature 369, 66-69
Liu, L. & Schor, C.M. (1994) The spatial properties of binocular suppression zone. Vision Res. 34(7), 937-947
Stevenson, S.B, Cormack, L.K. & Schor, C.M. (1994) The effect of stimulus contrast and interocular correlation on disparity vergence. Vision Res. 34(3), 383-396.
Schor, C.M, Maxwell, J. & Stevenson, S.B. (1994) Isovergence surfaces: the conjugacy of vertical eye movements in tertiary positions of gaze. Ophthal. and Physiol. Optics 14, 279-286.
Stevenson, S.B., Schor, C.M., & Cormack, L.K. (1994) Disparity tuning of cyclopean visual mechanisms. Proc. SPIE Vol 2054, 79-88. Computational Vision Based on Neurobiology. Ed. Teri B. Lawton
Cormack, LK, Stevenson, SB & Schor CM (1994) An upper limit to the binocular combination of stimuli. Vision Res. 34, 2599-2608
Schor, C.M, Maxwell, J. & Stevenson, S.B. (1994) Vertical conjugacy and theoretical isovergence surface. In Contemporary Ocular Motor and Vestibular Research: A Tribute to David Robinson, Fuchs, A., Brandt, T., Buttner, U. & Zee, D. (Eds.), Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. pp. 330-332
Schor, C.M. & McCandless, J.W. (1995) Distance cues for vertical vergence adaptation. Opt. and Vis. Sci. 72, 478-486
McCandless, J.W. & Schor, C.M. (1995) "A Neural Network Model of the Adaptation of Binocular Eye Alignment." World Conference on Neural Networks. Vol I, pp. 404 - 407

Publications: Prior to 1980

Schor,C.M. & Flom, M.C. (1968) The relative value of stereopsis as a function of viewing distance. Am. J. Optom.46(11), 805-809.
Schor, C.M. (1971) Oculomotor and neurosensory analysis of amblyopia. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Berkeley
Schor, C.M. & Flom, M.C. (1975) Eye position control and visual acuity in strabismus amblyopia. "Basic mechanisms of ocular motility and their clinical implications." Pergamon Press, pp. 555-569
Schor, C.M. (1975) A directional impairment of eye movement control in strabismus amblyopia. Invest. Ophthal. 14(9), 692-697
Schor, C.M., Terrell, M.., & Peterson, D. (1975) Contour interaction and temporal masking in strabismus amblyopia. Am. J. Optom. 53, 217-223.
Schor, C.M. (1977) Visual stimuli for strabismus suppression. Perception 6, 583-593.
Schor, C.M. (1977) Clinical applications of eye movement monitors. The Oregon Optometrist
Schor, C.M. & Hallmark, W. (1978) Slow control of eye position in strabismus amblyopia. Invest. Ophthal. 17(6),577-581.
Schor, C.M. (1978) Introduction to the symposium on functional amblyopia: sensory or motor disorder? Am. J. Optom. 55(3), 137-138
Schor, C.M. (1978) A motor theory for monocular eccentric fixation of amblyopic eyes. Am. J. Optom. 55(3), 183-186.
Schor, C.M. (1978) Discussion of functional amblyopia. Am. J. Optom. 55(3), 197-202.
Schor, C.M. (1978) Zero retinal image disparity: a stimulus for suppression in small-angle strabismus. Documenta Ophthalmologica 46(1), 149-169.
Schor, C.M. (1979) The influence of rapid prism adaptation upon fixation disparity. Vision Research 19, 757-765.
Schor, C.M. (1979) The relationship between fusional vergence eye movements and fixation disparity. Vision Research 19, 1359-1367
Schor, C.M. & Levi, D. (1979) Abnormal optokinetic nystagmus of amblyopia eyes. Supplement to Investigative Ophthalmology. ARVO Abstracts, p. 201
Green, M. & Schor, C.M. (1979) Monoptic and Dichoptic Temporal Masking. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 1445.

Book Chapters

Schor, C.M. (1982) Fixation disparity and vergence adaptation. In Basic and Clinical Aspects of Binocular Vergence Eye Movements. Schor, C.M. & Ciuffreda, K. (Eds.), Butterworths, St. Louis
Schor, C.M. & Kotulak, J. (1986) Mutual interactions between accommodation and convergence are reduced by tonic accommodation. In Adaptive Processes in Visual and Oculomotor Systems. Zee, D. & Keller E. (Eds.), Pergamon Press, Advances in Biosciences vol 57, pp. 135-142.
Schor, C.M. (1988) Phasic-tonic organization of accommodation and vergence. In Strabismus and Amblyopia: Experimental Basis for Advances in Clinical Management. Lennerstrand, von Noorden, Campos (Eds.), Wenner-Gren symposium series, Vol 49, pp 111-121, Macmillan Press, LDT.
Schor, C.M. (1990) Visuomotor development. In Principles and Practice of Pediatric Optometry. Rosenbloom, A.A. & Morgan, M.W. (Eds.), J.B. Lippincott Company, pp. 66-91
Regan, D., Frisby, J., Poggio, G.F., Schor, C.M. and Tyler, C.W. (1990) The perception of stereo-depth and stereo-motion cortical mechanisms. Chapter 11 in Visual Perception: The Neurophysiological Foundations. Spillman, L. & Werner, J. (Eds.), Academic Press, 1989, pp. 317-347
Schor, C.M. (1991). Binocular vision and space perception. In Encyclopedia of Human Biology. Dulbecco, R. (Ed.), Academic Press, pp. 627-641
Schor, C.M. (1991) Effects of the resting state of accommodation and convergence. In Refractive anomalies: Researches and clinical Applications. Flom, M.C. & Grosvenor, T. (Eds.), Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 310-318
Schor, C.M. (1991) Binocular sensory disorders. In Vision and Visual Disorders: Vol. 9, Binocular Vision. Regan, M. and Dillon, C. (Ed.), The Macmillan Press, pp. 179-224
Schor, C.M. (1991) Spatial constraints of stereopsis in video displays. In Pictorial Communication in Virtual and Real Environments. Ellis, S.R., Kaiser, M.K. & Grunwald, A.J. (Eds.), Taylor & Francis. pp. 546-558
Schor, C.M. (1992) Development of OKN. In Visual Motion and its Role in the Stabilization of Gaze. Wallman, J. & Miles, F.A. (Eds.), Elsevier, New York, pp. 301-320
Schor, C.M. (1993) Sensory-motor adaptation and development of the horopter. In Early Visual Development: Normal and Abnormal. Committee on Vision, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council," Simons (Ed.), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 237-249
Schor, C.M.(1993) Oculomotor Function. In Early Visual Development: Normal and Abnormal.Committee on Vision, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council."New York, Oxford University PressEd Simons.pp. 39-46
Marran, L and Schor, CM (1999) Binocular Accommodation.In Accommodation and Vergence Mechanisms in the visual system Eds, FranzÃ©n,O., Richter,H. & Stark,L.Birkheuser Verlag , Basel, Switzerland.
Schor, C.M. (2000) Binocular Vision Chapter 5. In Seeing: In Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Second Edition.Ed K DeValois. Academic Press pp 177-257
Liu, L and Schor CM (1997) Functional division of human retina. in Basic and Clinical Applications of Vision Science.The Professor Jay M. Enoch Festschrift volume.Ed V. Lakshminarayanan. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series 60pp 295-298
Schor, CM (2000) Binocular vision factors that influence optical design.In Handbook of Optics Vol III 2^nd edition Optical Society of America Chapter 12
Schor CM, Maxwell JS, McCandless JM and Graf E (2002) Adaptive control of vergence in humans. In Neurobiology of Eye Movements: From Molecules to Behavior.Eds John Leigh. New York Academy of Sciences. April 956; pp 297-305
Harwerth R and Schor CM (2003) Binocular Vision.In Adler’s Physiology of the Eye.Volume 10, Chapter 19, pp 484-51
Schor CM (2003) Neural- control of eye movements. In Adler’s Physiology of the Eye.Volume 10, Chapter 36, pp 830-858
Schor CM (2003) Plasticity of the near response. In Levels of Perception.Pub. Springer, ed Laurence Harris pp 231-255
Schor CM (2003)Stereopsis.In The Visual Neurosciences.Eds Werner J and Chalupa L.PubMIT Press.

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